Quando leggiamo, abbiamo l’impressione che i nostri occhi (e la mente) scivolino continuamente da una parte all’altra del testo tranne che per piccole parti in cui incontriamo delle difficoltà ed a questo punto ci fermiamo per considerare cosa abbiamo appena …
The authors, in order to obtain a simple and precise tool for the evaluation of visual acuity, have studied and realized the Milan Eye Charts (Mec). It consists in a series of tables whose structure, graphic design and administration procedure …
The latest research reveals that the use of smartphones and tablets in the world has increased progressively in recent years. The visual and ocular discomfort associated with the use of these electronic devices is increasingly widespread. The symptoms are: headache, …
Introduzione La cataratta è definita come un’opacità del cristallino capace di produrre una riduzione visiva o una qualsiasi disabilità funzionale misurabile e percepita dal soggetto. [1] Questo disordine rappresenta la principale fonte di menomazione visiva, determinando in Europa oltre il...
Key Points Question Does a single 24-hour curve with a contact lens sensor that measures intraocular pressure–related patterns correlate with the rates of visual field progression in patients with treated glaucoma? Findings In a cohort study including 445 patients (445 eyes) with...
Highlights • In phoria adaptation the version and slow fusional vergence systems may interact. • Results have impact for measuring vergence fusional range. • Asymmetrical phoria adaptation was similar to symmetrical phoria adaptation but differed in the response to base-out prisms. Abstract...
L’ultimo studio scientifico pubblicato: Highlights •Summer sun exposure for one season at 43° latitude leads to microstructural changes affecting the ocular surface. •Although clinically undetectable those changes are possibly with cumulative nature. •Ocular surface protection from UV damage has a …
Abstract: The prevalence of myopia is high and increasing. Approximately 5 billion people around the world are expected to be myopic by the year 2050. Methods to slow the progression of myopia and therefore potentially decrease the associated sight-threatening complications have been the subject of a number...
Abstract: The prevalence of myopia and high myopia has significantly increased worldwide and in the United States. The serious implications of these trends are being recognized. Myopia is not just a minor inconvenience requiring vision correction with glasses or contact lenses,...
Abstract: Myopia occurs in more than 50% of the population in many industrialized countries and is expected to increase; complications associated with axial elongation from myopia are the sixth leading cause of blindness. Thus, understanding its etiology, epidemiology, and the results of various treatment regiments may...
Highlights •Short-term miniscleral contact lens wear significantly alters limbal radius and scleral elevation. •No corneal flattening was found as a consequence of short-term miniscleral contact lens wear. •Scleral flattening was not fully reversed 3 h after lens removal in majority of...
Purpose: To report a case of Mooren ulcer that developed in a pediatric patient wearing orthokeratology overnight contact lenses. Methods: Case report. Results: A 10-year-old boy was referred to our clinic because of progressive peripheral corneal ulcer in the right eye, despite the intensive use...
Purpose To compare and analyze the interchangeability of three measuring systems, each based on a different technique, for central corneal thickness (CCT) analysis. Methods CCT measurements were measured using optical coherence tomography (OCT), non-contact specular microscopy (NCSM), and ultrasonic pachymetry...
Purpose To determine the reliability of corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) obtained by automated specular microscopy versus that of validated manual methods and factors that predict such reliability. Methods Sharp central images from 94 control and 106 glaucomatous eyes were...
Purpose In this work, we investigated the pupillary conditions during straylight measurement, and the potential effect this might have on the measured straylight. Methods Five young (26–29-years-old) and 15 older (50–68-years-old) individuals participated in this study. First, the pupil diameter...
Purpose This descriptive study provides a summary of the binocular anomalies seen in elementary school children identified with reading problems. Methods A retrospective chart review of all children identified with reading problems and seen by the University of Waterloo, Optometry...
Purpose To establish whether the cover test and von Graefe methods are interchangeable in a non-presbyopic and presbyopic population. Methods We performed a prospective study on a sample of 127 non-presbyopic subjects between 20 and 45 years old and 56...
Purpose The aim of this work was to examine the impact of Seidel spherical aberration (SA) on optimum refractive state for detecting and discriminating small bright lights on a dark background. Methods An adaptive-optics system was used to correct ocular...
Purpose: To investigate the changes in the quality of life and behaviors in children before and after wearing orthokeratology lenses and to analyze the potential impact of orthokeratology lenses on children‘s quality of life, behaviors, and the progression of myopia. Methods: A total of 100 children receiving orthokeratology lenses in the People’s Hospital of Hebei Province...
Introduction: The advent of high oxygen permeability (Dk) of rigid contact lens materials has reduced complications related to hypoxia when using scleral contact lenses (ScCLs). However, new issues and complications have emerged. Some of these issues and complications are caused by the nonoptimal fitting...
Purpose: To assess the visual acuity and compliance with the use of orthokeratology lenses (OrthoK) in school children. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to determine the education-related factors influencing the improvement in visual acuity in myopic students using OrthoK in five primary schools in Taiwan. Results: Of the 5,173...
Abstract Background Common paediatric perimetry techniques require central fixation and subjective responses, which may be challenging for young or cognitively impaired children. The Saccadic Vector Optokinetic Perimeter (SVOP) was designed to overcome these challenges by using infra‐red eye tracking to...
Abstract Background Visual impairment is globally among the most prevalent disabilities. Research concerning the health consequences of visual deficits is challenged by confounding effects of age, because visual impairment becomes more prevalent with age. This study investigates the influence of...
Abstract Background Many studies have shown that patients with intermittent exotropia have different degrees of damage to their stereopsis function. The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of different refractive status on stereopsis in children with intermittent...
Abstract Reading is slow and difficult for people with central vision loss who must rely on their peripheral vision. It has been shown that practicing on a letter-recognition task can increase peripheral reading speed, and that the training-related improvement is...
Key Points Question Can binocular optical coherence tomography (OCT) be used to measure the size of strabismus? Findings This study included 15 participants with strabismus and 15 healthy volunteers. In participants with strabismus, binocular OCT imaging correctly revealed the type and direction...
SIGNIFICANCE For people with limited vision, wearable displays hold the potential to digitally enhance visual function. As these display technologies advance, it is important to understand their promise and limitations as vision aids. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to test...
Purpose: To evaluate the validity and reliability of a novel handheld osmolarity system (I-PEN Osmolarity System; I-MED Pharma Inc, Dollard-des-Ormeaux, Quebec, Canada) for measurement of the osmolarity of a National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) traceable solution at a variety...
Abstract Purpose: To develop an objective psychophysical method to quantify light-induced visual discomfort, and to measure the effects of viewing condition and stimulus wavelength. Methods: Eleven visually normal subjects participated in the study. Their pupils were dilated (2.5% phenylephrine) before the experiment....
Abstract Purpose: To map the corneal epithelium using a map measuring 9 mm in diameter and view the effects of age, sex, and axial length. Additionally, we wanted to demonstrate the reproducibility of this technique. Methods: We calculated the epithelial thickness in...
Abstract Background/aims To investigate the presence of asymmetrical accommodation in hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia. Methods Accommodation in each eye and binocular vergence were measured simultaneously using a PlusoptiX SO4 photorefractor in 26 children aged 4–8 years with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia and 13 controls...
Highlights • Playing a custom child friendly action videogame resulted in improved visual acuity. • Improvement of 1.4 lines after 20 h compared to more than 100 h of patching. • The action videogame approach may be an effective adjunct treatment for amblyopia....
Topic Presbyopia prevalence and spectacle-correction coverage were estimated by systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiologic evidence, then modeled to expand to country, region, and global estimates. Clinical Relevance Understanding presbyopia epidemiologic factors and correction coverage is critical to overcoming the...
Background To determine the test‐retest reproducibility of accommodative facility (AF) measures in an unselected sample of UK primary school children. Methods Using ±2.00 DS flippers and a viewing distance of 40 cm, AF was measured in 136 children (range 4–12 years, average...
SIGNIFICANCE This study suggests that it is possible for some patients with severe red–green color vision deficiency to do perfectly on the Farnsworth D15 test after practicing it. PURPOSE The Farnsworth D15 is a commonly used test to qualify people for certain...
Highlights •The posterior corneal curvature after scleral lens wearing has never been studied. •A flattening curvature appears in nasal quadrant in intracorneal ring patients and in inferior hemisphere in keratoconus. •The cornea is slightly thinner after scleral lens wear except...
Highlights •Levels of surface versus bulk active lysozyme deposited on several hydrogel contact lens materials were investigated. •The surface and bulk activity of lysozyme deposited on contact lenses is material dependent. •Lysozyme on Group IV lens materials such as etafilcon...
SIGNIFICANCE New bitangential mini-scleral lens designs provide a highly precise fit, follow the scleral shape, are comfortable to wear, and can correct residual astigmatism. This new scleral lens design complements the arsenal of medical contact lenses available to eye care practitioners....
SIGNIFICANCE The present study with small-diameter scleral lenses (SLs) revealed that post-lens tear thickness (PoLTT) was significantly associated with post-lens tear mixing, but not with central corneal edema, after short-term SL wear. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the...
SIGNIFICANCE Currently, treatments for amblyopia are occlusion or penalization of the stronger fellow eye. Fewer than 30% of patients improve stereoacuity using these treatments. In order to improve these outcomes, this group proposes a treatment to stimulate the stereoacuity through perceptual...
SIGNIFICANCE This cross-sectional study presented a link between contact lens wear and changes on the cellular morphology characteristics of the lid wiper (LW) epithelium, which was not visible by LW staining. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to establish if the...
SIGNIFICANCE Prior studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of vergence-accommodative therapy in the treatment of convergence insufficiency (CI). These results show the changes in brain activation following therapy through the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). PURPOSE The purpose of this study...
Abstract Purpose To evaluate the differences in corneo-scleral topographic profile between healthy and keratoconus eyes, and their potential diagnostic ability for keratoconus detection. Methods Prospective comparative study including 21 keratoconic eyes (11 patients) and 88 healthy eyes (88 patients). In...
Il dott.Weiss, oftalmologo francese e Angie Minichiello, optometrista, hanno elaborato un innovativo metodo di indagine visiva che si avvale di un test stereoscopico utilizzato da più di 20 anni. Il metodo descritto presenta dei vantaggi certi : ✅Materiale semplice e...
LINK PER SCARICARE APP ANDROID LINK PER SCARICARE APP IPHONE AV Converter – APP Punti tipografici (corpo tipografico): Unità usata in campo tipografico e nel word processing per specificare la dimensione di un carattere. Un punto tipografico equivale ad 1/72 …
Abstract Background Computer users frequently complain about problems with seeing and functioning of the eyes. Asthenopia is a term generally used to describe symptoms related to (prolonged) use of the eyes like ocular fatigue, headache, pain or aching around the...
Abstract Background The purpose of low-vision rehabilitation is to allow people to resume or to continue to perform daily living tasks, with reading being one of the most important. This is achieved by providing appropriate optical devices and special training...
Highlights •3-month study of the effects of an H2O2 vs. PHMB MPS lens care on eyelid tissue.. •Greater reduction in lid hyperaemia and papillae H2O2 vs PHMB MPS lens care. •No improvements in eyelid margin staining with either system. •An H2O2-based lens...
Abstract Background/aims The frequent lack of association between dry eye (DE) symptoms and signs leads to challenges in diagnosing and assessing the disease. Methods Participants underwent ocular surface examinations to evaluate signs of disease and completed questionnaires to assess ocular symptoms, psychological...
Abstract Background Within a surveillance of the prevalence and causes of vision impairment in high-income regions and Central/Eastern Europe, we update figures through 2015 and forecast expected values in 2020. Methods Based on a systematic review of medical literature, prevalence of blindness,...
SIGNIFICANCE The effectiveness of multifocal contact lenses (MFCLs) at slowing myopia progression may hinge on the accommodative behavior of young eyes fit with these presbyopic style lenses. Can they remove hyperopic defocus? Convergence accommodation as well as pupil size and the...
SIGNIFICANCE Growing popularity of handheld digital devices imposes significant challenges to our visual system and clinical management. This study aimed to determine the effects of lens design on parameters that may influence the refractive management of pre-presbyopic adult computer users. PURPOSE To...
Abstract: With the increasing incidence of more pathogens that can cause microbial keratitis (MK), it is necessary to periodically reassess disinfection multipurpose solutions testing requirements to ensure that relevant organisms to challenge them are being used. Current testing protocols have included...
Purpose To evaluate the repeatability of automatic measurements by a new anterior segment optical coherence tomographer (AS-OCT) combined with Placido topography and their agreement with those provided by 2 rotating Scheimpflug cameras. Setting G.B. Bietti Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy. Design...
Abstract Purpose To compare rates of myopia progression and adverse events between orthokeratology (OK) and soft contact lens (SCL) wearers over a 10‐year period in schoolchildren. Methods Medical records of consecutive patients (≤16 years of age at baseline) who started OK...
Abstract Purpose To gauge the extent to which differences in the refractive error axial length relationship predicted by geometrical optics are observed in actual refractive/biometric data. Methods This study is a retrospective analysis of existing data. Right eye refractive error...
Abstract Purpose With the increasing prevalence in myopia there is growing interest in active myopia prevention. This study aims to increase our understanding of parental attitudes to myopia development and control, as a means to inform future health planning and...
Abstract Purpose Despite extensive research, mechanisms regulating postnatal eye growth and those responsible for ametropias are poorly understood. With the marked recent increases in myopia prevalence, robust and biologically‐based clinical therapies to normalize refractive development in childhood are needed. Here,...
Purpose To characterise the impact of monofocal soft contact lens (SCL) and bifocal SCLs on refractive error, depth of focus (DoF) and orientation of blur in the peripheral visual field. Methods Monofocal and two bifocal SCLs, Acuvue Bifocal (AVB, Johnson...
Purpose To review the published literature to assess the visual outcomes and adverse events associated with the 2 most commonly used contact lenses for treating aphakia in children: silicone elastomer (SE) and rigid gas permeable (RGP). Methods Literature searches were...
Abstract Coloured overlays or lenses are widely available for use by children and adults with difficulties or discomfort while reading. In recent years, systematic reviews have been conducted in an attempt to establish the strength of the evidence base for...
SIGNIFICANCE This study showed an improvement in three-dimensional depth perception of subjects with bilateral and unilateral keratoconus with rigid gas-permeable (RGP) contact lens wear, relative to spectacles. This novel information will aid clinicians to consider RGP contact lenses as a management...
SIGNIFICANCE The authors analyze factors influencing bivariate contour ellipse area (BCEA) in healthy and pathologic eyes and how such factors may affect isolated (static BCEA) or microperimetric fixation (dynamic BCEA). They conclude that aging increases both dynamic BCEA and examination time,...
Abstract Purpose This pilot study sought to determine the efficacy of using the Developmental Eye Movement (DEM) test in the adult, acquired brain injury (ABI) population to quantify clinically the effects of controlled, laboratory-performed, oculomotor-based vision therapy/vision rehabilitation. Methods Nine...
Abstract Purpose There have been several studies investigating static, baseline pupil diameter in visually-normal individuals across refractive error. However, none have assessed the dynamic pupillary light reflex (PLR). In the present study, both static and dynamic pupillary parameters of the...
Abstract Purpose: To investigate the correlation between the changes in the ocular surface temperature (OST) and tear film stability over soft contact lenses (SCLs). Methods: We enrolled 20 eyes of 20 normal SCL wearers (20 men; 24.4 ± 4.1 years). We used...
Abstract Background To evaluate the impact of treatment of symptomatic convergence insufficiency using office‐based vergence/accommodative therapy on reading skills in children. Methods Children (n = 44) ages nine to 17 years with symptomatic convergence insufficiency were administered the following four reading tests: Wechsler...
To assess agreement between accommodative lag by monocular estimation method (MEM) retinoscopy and Nott retinoscopy compared to open‐field autorefraction using spherical equivalent versus power in the 180 meridian for both children and adults. Methods Twenty‐six children aged 7–16 years (mean:...
The purpose of this scoping review was to present the state of research regarding optometric infection control guidelines for the assessment of patients with methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and to identify any areas requiring further research. Twelve articles were carefully chosen for...
Objectives: Cosmetic contact lenses are increasingly popular because of their eye enhancing cosmetic benefits. The pigment particles used in these lenses can impact lens surface characteristics. This article examines the surface characteristics and the differences between the clear and the pigmented regions among...
Abstract Dysphotopsia affects a significant number of patients, particularly after visual correction with multifocal optical designs. Purpose Evaluate light distortion (LD) in two modalities of contact lens (CL) wear: multifocal (MF) and monofocal (MV). Methods This was a randomized, double-masked,...
SIGNIFICANCE Practitioners fitting contact lenses for myopia control frequently question whether a myopic child can achieve good vision with a high-add multifocal. We demonstrate that visual acuity is not different than spectacles with a commercially available, center-distance soft multifocal contact lens...
SIGNIFICANCE This study showed an improvement in three-dimensional depth perception of subjects with bilateral and unilateral keratoconus with rigid gas-permeable (RGP) contact lens wear, relative to spectacles. This novel information will aid clinicians to consider RGP contact lenses as a management...
Highlights • Eye movements in reading affected by reduced binocular input in the parafovea. • Disruption is observed in both word-level and sentence-level reading time measures. • Word recognition processes, rather than binocular saccadic targeting are affected. • Efficient parafoveal...
Purpose: To compare the central corneal epithelial thickness (CET), stromal thickness (CST), and total thickness (CCT) in males with and without primary open-angle glaucoma and to determine the factors associated with corneal thickness. Methods: A case–control study was conducted to evaluate 116 male patients at...
Objectives: Debris accumulation in the postlens fluid reservoir during scleral lens wear is clinically observed. We evaluated a method to quantify increases in turbidity of the postlens fluid reservoir by assessing changes in optical density of the fluid over time and compared these changes during...
Objectives: To assess the tear meniscus height (TMH), noninvasive tear breakup time (NITBUT), and bulbar redness in pediatric patients after orthokeratology (OK). Methods: Pediatric patients who underwent overnight OK between December 2014 and November 2017 were retrospectively investigated. According to the time of wearing, subjects were divided...
Abstract Purpose To develop a methodology to reliably determine the thickness profile of scleral contact lenses and examine the relationship between the centre and average lens thickness for a range of lens designs and back vertex powers. Methods High-resolution images...
Abstract Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of the BinoVision home system as measured by improvement of visual acuity in the patient’s amblyopic eye. Methods An open-label prospective pilot-trial of the system was conducted with amblyopic children aged 4-8 years at...
Achromatopsia is a complex inherited retinal disease that affects the cone cell function. It is usually an autosomal-recessive disease and is characterized by pendular nystagmus, poor visual acuity, lack of color vision, and marked photophobia. CNGA3, CNGB3, GNAT2, PDE6C, PDE6H,...
Purpose: To evaluate a new method of calculation of total corneal astigmatism based on Gaussian optics and the power design of a spherocylindrical lens (C) in the healthy eye and to compare it with keratometric (K) and power vector (PV) methods. Methods: A total of 92...
Abstract Purpose To examine the magnitude and time course of central epithelial, stromal and total corneal thickness changes during sealed miniscleral contact lens wear and the influence of initial central corneal clearance upon these thickness changes. Methods High-resolution OCT images...
tradotto e adattato da http://www.aaojournal.org/article/S0161-6420(17)30367-6/fulltext Punti chiave: In questo articolo pubblicato su Ophtalmology, gli autori forniscono un resoconto su un programma proposto in alcune scuole elementari a Taiwan, istituito per contrastare l’alta incidenza di miopia, incoraggiando le attività all’aria aperta e …
Objectives: To compare the lotrafilcon B and comfilcon A silicone hydrogel bandage contact lenses after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). Methods: One hundred twenty eyes of 60 patients who underwent PRK were included in this randomized clinical trial study. In the end of the...
Objectives: To assess the relative clinical success of MiSight contact lenses (CLs) (study group) and distance single-vision (SV) spectacles (control group) in children in terms of adverse events (AEs), discontinuations, and tear film osmolarity over a 2-year period. Methods: Seventy-four subjects aged...
Abstract Background Although the benefits of vision screening seem intuitive, the value of such programmes in junior and senior schools has been questioned. In addition there exists a lack of clarity regarding the optimum age for screening and frequency at...
tradotto e adattato da Sorgente: Review of Literature on Measurements of Non-invasive Break Up Times, Lipid Morphology and Tear Meniscal Height Using Commercially Available Hand-held Instruments Punti chiave:· l’utilizzo di strumenti semplici e non invasivi per l’analisi del film lacrimale …
Purpose To find differences in epithelial thickness (ET) maps of eyes with keratoconus (KC) and healthy eyes. Design Institutional cross-sectional study. Methods In this study 40 keratoconic eyes and 76 healthy eyes were scanned using a custom-built ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence …
Abstract Background Refrigerated eye-drops have been advocated in cases of ocular allergies to provide a soothing effect upon instillation. This notion continues to be promoted by practitioners for artificial tears (AT) in the management of dry eye (DE) with little...
Introduction: The peripheral refractive error of the human eye has been hypothesized to be a major stimulus for the development of its central refractive error. Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in the peripheral refractive error across...
Objective: The aim of this study was to use antimicrobial efficacy endpoint methodology to determine compatibility of multipurpose disinfecting solutions (MPSs), lens cases, and hydrogel lenses for disinfection (AEEMC) against International Organization for Standardization (ISO)–specified microorganisms and clinical ocular isolates of Stenotrophomonas...
Objectives: To investigate the interexaminer reliability of meibography evaluation and the impact of eyelid selection for the procedure. Methods: Meibography images of 30 subjects’ right eye, including both lids, were evaluated by three clinicians. Meibomian gland (MG) dropout was noted with respect...
Purpose: To determine the effect of cyclopentolate, tropicamide, and artificial tear drops on higher-order aberrations (HOAs) in normal eyes with OPD-Scan III (Nidek Inc., Tokyo, Japan). Methods: In this study, 189 eyes of individuals aged 20 to 35 years were selected as...
Objectives: To describe and compare corneal peripheral angles in normal and keratoconic eyes, to gain a better understanding of the topography of the periphery of the cornea in keratoconus and assist practitioners in the selection and fitting of large diameter contact...
Objectives: To quantify tear elimination rate (ER) underneath silicone hydrogel (Si-Hy) and scleral gas permeable (GP) contact lenses (CLs). Methods: Subjects successfully using either well-fitting soft Si-Hy CLs or scleral GP CLs were recruited. Most scleral GP CL wearers had irregular corneas...
Purpose: To examine the effects of one year of overnight orthokeratology (OK) treatment on the sub-basal nerve plexus (SBNP) and corneal sensitivity and to assess the reversibility of these effects one month after treatment interruption. Methods: Thirty-two subjects with low-moderate myopia underwent...
Purpose: To compare tear film osmolarity (TFO) measurements in non–contact lens (CL) wearers and wearers of hydrogel or overnight orthokeratology (OK) CLs, and to assess possible effects of long-term OK on TFO. Methods: Overall, 108 subjects with moderate myopia participated in 2...
Objective: To assess the effects of a short period of orthokeratology (OK) on corneal sub-basal nerve plexus (SBNP) morphology and corneal sensitivity. Methods: Measurements were made in 56 right eyes of 56 subjects with low-to-moderate myopia who wore 2 OK lens designs...
Abstract Purpose To summarize the research findings on the ocular surface profile, to provide a definition and a classification of the corneoscleral shape, and to offer guidelines in selecting scleral lens design. Methods The definition of rotational symmetry and rotational...
Amblyopia is a common cause of reduced vision in children. The clinical diagnosis is complicated and requires consideration of the severity of vision loss relative to the characteristics of the disrupting amblyogenic factor. Added to the challenge of a thorough...
